Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas: Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales

Introduction: Discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes toward vulnerable groups directly affect social equity and human rights by perpetuating inequalities and limiting opportunities. The validation of measurement instruments ensures that theoretical constructs related to discrimination are assess...

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Main Authors:	Lagarda Lagarda, Ángel Emigdio, Rodríguez Carvajal, Claudia Karina, Vera Noriega, José Ángel, Karen Guadalupe, Karen Guadalupe
Format:	Digital
Language:	spa
Published:	UNIVERSIDAD ANTONIO NARIÑO 2025
Subjects:	Grupo vulnerable discriminación prejuicio estereotipo psicometría Disadvantage groups discrimination prejudice stereotypes psychometrics
Online Access:	https://revistas.uan.edu.co/index.php/papeles/article/view/2170
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author	Lagarda Lagarda, Ángel Emigdio Rodríguez Carvajal, Claudia Karina Vera Noriega, José Ángel Karen Guadalupe, Karen Guadalupe
author_facet	Lagarda Lagarda, Ángel Emigdio Rodríguez Carvajal, Claudia Karina Vera Noriega, José Ángel Karen Guadalupe, Karen Guadalupe
author_sort	Lagarda Lagarda, Ángel Emigdio
collection	OJS
description	Introduction: Discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes toward vulnerable groups directly affect social equity and human rights by perpetuating inequalities and limiting opportunities. The validation of measurement instruments ensures that theoretical constructs related to discrimination are assessed in a precise, reliable, and culturally relevant manner. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate the factorial structure of scales derived from the National Survey on Discrimination (Enadis 2019), focused on measuring áreas of discrimination, agreement with prejudice, openness to diversity, and permissiveness toward discrimination. Methodology: The study followed a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, ex post facto, and cross-sectional design. A total of 389 university students from various academic fields at a public university in northwestern Mexico participated. The instruments used were the Enadis (2019) scales on discrimination, tolerance, permissiveness, and empathy. Results and Discussion: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, showing adequate indices of validity and reliability in most scales. The Tolerance scale showed the highest explained variance (72.7 %) and the most robust structure; the Permissiveness scale was refined to six items with good model fit; and the Empathy scale was divided into two differentiated factors, contributing to the design of evidence-based public policies. Conclusions: The findings support the of these scales as diagnostic tools in educational and social contexts. It is recommended to expand their application to diverse populations.
format	Digital
id	revistas.uan.edu.co-article-2170
institution	Revista PAPELES
language	spa
publishDate	2025
publisher	UNIVERSIDAD ANTONIO NARIÑO
record_format	ojs
spelling	revistas.uan.edu.co-article-21702025-10-10T17:26:29Z Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales: Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas: Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales Lagarda Lagarda, Ángel Emigdio Rodríguez Carvajal, Claudia Karina Vera Noriega, José Ángel Karen Guadalupe, Karen Guadalupe Grupo vulnerable discriminación prejuicio estereotipo psicometría Disadvantage groups discrimination prejudice stereotypes psychometrics Introduction: Discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes toward vulnerable groups directly affect social equity and human rights by perpetuating inequalities and limiting opportunities. The validation of measurement instruments ensures that theoretical constructs related to discrimination are assessed in a precise, reliable, and culturally relevant manner. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate the factorial structure of scales derived from the National Survey on Discrimination (Enadis 2019), focused on measuring áreas of discrimination, agreement with prejudice, openness to diversity, and permissiveness toward discrimination. Methodology: The study followed a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, ex post facto, and cross-sectional design. A total of 389 university students from various academic fields at a public university in northwestern Mexico participated. The instruments used were the Enadis (2019) scales on discrimination, tolerance, permissiveness, and empathy. Results and Discussion: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, showing adequate indices of validity and reliability in most scales. The Tolerance scale showed the highest explained variance (72.7 %) and the most robust structure; the Permissiveness scale was refined to six items with good model fit; and the Empathy scale was divided into two differentiated factors, contributing to the design of evidence-based public policies. Conclusions: The findings support the of these scales as diagnostic tools in educational and social contexts. It is recommended to expand their application to diverse populations. Introducción: la discriminación, los prejuicios y estereotipos hacia grupos vulnerables afectan directamente la equidad social y los derechos humanos, al perpetuar desigualdades y limitar oportunidades. La validación de instrumentos de medición asegura que los constructos teóricos relacionados con la discriminación sean evaluados de forma precisa, confiable y culturalmente pertinente. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue validar la estructura factorial de escalas derivadas de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación (Enadis, 2019), centradas en medir ámbitos de discriminación, de acuerdo con prejuicios, apertura a la diversidad y permisividad hacia la discriminación. Metodología: el estudio adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental, de tipo ex post facto y corte transversal. Participaron 389 estudiantes universitarios de diversas áreas académicas de una universidad pública del noroeste de México. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las escalas de discriminación, tolerancia, permisividad y empatía del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (Inegi), Enadis 2019. Resultados y discusión: se aplicaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios que mostraron índices adecuados de validez en la mayoría de las escalas. La escala de tolerancia evidenció la mayor varianza explicada (72,7 %) y la estructura más sólida, la escala de permisividad se depuró a seis ítems con buenos índices de ajuste y la escala de empatía se dividió en dos factores diferenciados, que contribuyeron al diseño de políticas públicas basadas en la evidencia. Conclusiones: los hallazgos respaldan la utilidad de las escalas como herramientas diagnósticas en contextos educativos y sociales. Se recomienda ampliar su aplicación a poblaciones diversas. UNIVERSIDAD ANTONIO NARIÑO 2025-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://revistas.uan.edu.co/index.php/papeles/article/view/2170 10.54104/papeles.v17n34.2170 Papeles; Vol. 17 No. 34 (2025): Papeles, Vol. 17 Núm. 34 (Julio-Diciembre, 2025) Experiencias Relevantes en Educación desde la Perspectiva Latinoamericana Papeles; Vol. 17 Núm. 34 (2025): Papeles, Vol. 17 Núm. 34 (Julio-Diciembre, 2025) Experiencias Relevantes en Educación desde la Perspectiva Latinoamericana Papeles; v. 17 n. 34 (2025): Papeles, Vol. 17 Núm. 34 (Julio-Diciembre, 2025) Experiencias Relevantes en Educación desde la Perspectiva Latinoamericana 2346-0911 0123-0670 spa https://revistas.uan.edu.co/index.php/papeles/article/view/2170/1695 Copyright (c) 2025 Ángel Emigdio Lagarda Lagarda, Claudia Karina Rodríguez Carvajal, José Ángel Vera Noriega, Karen Guadalupe Duarte Tánori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
spellingShingle	Grupo vulnerable discriminación prejuicio estereotipo psicometría Disadvantage groups discrimination prejudice stereotypes psychometrics Lagarda Lagarda, Ángel Emigdio Rodríguez Carvajal, Claudia Karina Vera Noriega, José Ángel Karen Guadalupe, Karen Guadalupe Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas: Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales
title	Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas: Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales
title_alt	Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales: Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas
title_full	Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas: Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales
title_fullStr	Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas: Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales
title_full_unstemmed	Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas: Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales
title_short	Ámbitos, prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminación: validación de escalas: Domains, Prejudices, and Diversity in Discrimination: Validation of Measurement Scales
title_sort	ambitos prejuicios y diversidad en la discriminacion validacion de escalas domains prejudices and diversity in discrimination validation of measurement scales
topic	Grupo vulnerable discriminación prejuicio estereotipo psicometría Disadvantage groups discrimination prejudice stereotypes psychometrics
topic_facet	Grupo vulnerable discriminación prejuicio estereotipo psicometría Disadvantage groups discrimination prejudice stereotypes psychometrics
url	https://revistas.uan.edu.co/index.php/papeles/article/view/2170
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